Treatment of disease Prevention

(A) treatment
1. The general treatment of respiratory tract diseases according to isolation, to keep quiet room, the air fresh and suitable temperature, humidity, to avoid the noise and excitement. In order to maintain airway patency and facilitate secretion of discharges, when the attention of infants and young children cough spasm bow position to shoot back. Sputum by suctioning a timely manner. In order to prevent sudden infant suffocation, especially in the night-prone, there should be hand guard. Time to do the event of asphyxia resuscitation, suction, oxygen, when necessary, mouth to mouth breathing. Respiratory pause or convulsions of the baby into the tracheal intubation and continuous positive airway pressure respiratory oxygen therapy can improve respiratory function or reducing the hypoxic state, against the existence of atelectasis, reduce the throat and bronchial spasm. Salbutamol (salbutamol) 0.3mg / (kg · d), divided into 3 sub-oral, can lift its spasm symptoms, can reduce infant respiratory distress. Such as the application to be ineffective, the choice of sedative, phenobarbital 2 ~ 3mg / (kg · times), or chlorpromazine 0.5 ~ 1.0mg / (kg · times), 2 times / d or 3 times / d, oral .
2. Antibiotic treatment of early onset that the catarrhal period of antibiotic treatment, the effect is better, spasm cough period of poor efficacy, but the bacteria can shorten the waiting time, the preferred erythromycin and 30 ~ 50mg / (kg · d), medication 7 ~ 14 days. Second, the choice of chloramphenicol, 30 ~ 50mg / (kg · d), but can also use ampicillin, gentamicin intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection. Sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole) is also effective. Recently, a new generation of macrolide antibiotics such as roxithromycin, azithromycin has significant efficacy.Antibiotic treatment regimens for 2 weeks.
3. Adrenal hormones can reduce skin symptoms and shorten the course of the disease, but should pay attention to drug side effects. 6 ~ 9-month-old infants can choose betamethasone (betamethasone) 0.075mg / (kg · d), or hydrocortisone 30mg / (kg · d), intramuscular injection, two days after the gradual reduction, medication 7 ~ 8 days withdrawal.
4. Pertussis immunoglobulin (P-IVIG) 2.5ml (400μg/ml), intramuscular injection, a time / d, used in conjunction 3 to 5 days for children with severe, young infants and dose halved.
5. Chinese medicine treatment of spasm view to Qingfei cough cough, phlegm mainly the choice of almonds, melon-jen, reed rhizome, peach kernel, Aster, 100, licorice root, Rhizoma Imperatae, such as addition and subtraction Tinglizi. Bile treatment of pertussis better results that can inhibit the pertussis bacillus, sedative, you can reduce the array cough. Fresh chicken Kudan add sugar, 1 ~ 5 months the baby three days served a gall bladder; 5 months to 1 years of age, 2 days served a gall bladder; 1 ~ 3 years old a / d, min 2 or 3 times clothes.
6. Complication of treatment
(1), pulmonary infections: give antibiotics, selection of penicillin and cephalosporins, intravenous drip.
(2) Pertussis encephalopathy: In addition to providing them with effective antibiotic therapy, the use of sedatives may make use of phenobarbital 5mg / (kg · times) intramuscular injection, or diazepam 0.1 ~ 0.3mg / (kg · times) intramuscular injection or intravenous injection. Difficult to control seizures can choose amobarbital sodium 5mg / (kg · times), or the diluted intravenous therapy using hibernation.With cerebral edema mannitol or sorbitol 1 ~ 2g / (kg · times), intravenous injection. In addition, the application of adrenal cortex hormones to reduce cerebral edema.
(B) the prognosis
With age, previous health status and whether or not related complications. The younger the worse the prognosis, infants with poor prognosis disease, complicated with bronchial pneumonia, pertussis encephalopathy and a poor prognosis.

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(A) treatment
No specific treatment in order to support symptomatic therapy.
(B) the prognosis
The disease is self-limiting disease, prognosis is good. No deaths reported.

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Should adopt comprehensive measures based vaccination.
1.  isolate and treat patients until the symptoms disappeared after two times of nasopharyngeal culture negative. If no culture conditions, in the full treatment cases, the patients to lift the quarantine period of 2 weeks. Pairs of close contact with the nasopharynx should be done to nurture and observe for 7 days. Did not receive full immunization of children, it is best to refined diphtheria toxoid and anti-toxin injection at the same time. During the prevalence of nurseries and primary schools should be carefully carried out morning checks. Active treatment carriers. With ordinary doses of penicillin treatment of 5 to 7 days. The collective institutions for children and adults should stay in contact with police seven days, and to make the nose throat culture and diphtheria toxin test. Adult close contacts should also make these checks. ① culture and toxin tests were positive as the treatment of diphtheria cases should be isolated for observation and treatment with penicillin, once the symptoms or with anti-toxin. ② culture positive, toxin tests were positive as the treatment of diphtheria cases. ③ culture and toxin testing were negative may lift the stay Review. ④ culture-negative, toxin test positive, they should give vaccinations.
2. Cut off the transmission of patient contact with the goods and secretion of excreta, can double the volume of 20% chlorine lime emulsion soak 1h, or chlorine disinfectants 5000 × 10-6 soak 30min.
3. Enhance the immunity auto-immune: Available white, 100, breaking hybrid vaccine or adsorbed diphtheria toxoid vaccination refined. Passive immunization: diphtheria-susceptible because of infirmity or illness can not accept the diphtheria toxoid vaccination against diphtheria but contact with patients, can antitoxin. 1000 ~ 20000U intramuscular injection of adult, pediatric 1000U, valid for only 2 ~ 3 weeks. The human body’s immunity against diphtheria. Determined by blood levels of anti-toxin. Serum containing 10U / L that has a protective effect. Can be used diphtheria toxin (Sikh) test, or indirect hemagglutination test and ELISA assay of serum anti-toxin levels of the crowd to see the crowd of anti-toxin levels, can help predict the potential and extent of the diphtheria epidemic can also detect the effect of vaccination .The level of population immunity levels were negatively correlated with the incidence rate. China’s anti-toxin levels in some areas has reached 85% ~ 95%. These countries are not diphtheria epidemic.

Cure for conjunctivitis are unable to prevent the occurrence of BPF, it was suggested that with the addition of ampicillin or chloramphenicol eye drops, there should be systemic medication for several days to prevent the occurrence of BPF. Surveillance in endemic areas should be carried out to understand the BPF strains of growth and decline of the situation on the ground to predict the possibility of BPF popular to take appropriate preventive measures.

(A) treatment
Present BPF strains HIBA bacteria to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins are sensitive to antibiotics. BPF as early as possible as soon as possible to the patients should be in sufficient quantities by an effective intravenous antibiotic, such as purpura occurs in apparent control of the disease before the treatment can be developed. There has been a large number of purpura, associated with hemorrhagic shock who should be added as far as possible, to correct acidosis and electrolyte imbalance, lose new blood, a large number of effective antibiotics, based on the application of the adrenal cortex hormone therapy can be used to counter the endotoxin-induced disease effect.
(B) the prognosis
Initially found in 10 cases of typical BPF children all died. BPF research team was expanded investigation and study, found that while some lesser survival, case fatality rate of 70%. If in the event of purpura and shock before the application of effective antibiotics and symptomatic treatment may reduce mortality.

(A) treatment

1. Generally associated with high fever pain are symptomatic therapy has to be antipyretic, analgesic treatment. Significant hemolysis, could be blood transfusion. Note that rest, food.

2. Clindamycin resistance of the original treatment for the drug of choice, 20mg / (kg · d), intramuscular injection of 7 to 10 days. Received a blood transfusion of premature infants infected with small Babesia, could increase with quinine, 25mg / (kg · d), oral administration of 7 ~ 10 days. Already removed the spleen of adult patients, can be used Clindamycin 60mg / (kg · d) intramuscular injection for 7 days. At the same time oral quinine 650mg, 3 times / d and continued for 7 days. Intramuscular injection of clindamycin alone or with oral quinine Wu use, providing rapid cooling, and reducing the parasitemia, the raw material for the treatment of small Babesia in recent years due to human Babesiosis safe and effective drugs. Wu quinine and chloroquine sulfate use, is also effective.

(B) the prognosis

Light, medium and are required to timely diagnosis and treatment of disease will receive a cure without sequelae. Severe hemolysis, renal failure, the spleen removed and there is a history of poor prognosis. Case-fatality rate of about 5%. Occur in patients with chronic parasitemia, sustainable two years to a few years.

(A) treatment
Group B Streptococcus to penicillins, cephalosporins, and erythromycin Deng Jun-sensitive, but its sensitivity is worse than the A streptococcus. Have been raised penicillin dosage should be increased to 20 million to 250,000 U / (kg · d), and may be appropriate to extend the course of treatment. It was also advocated the combination of penicillin and aminoglycoside antibiotics, can be obtained good effect.Been Ⅰ a, Ⅱ and Ⅲ bacteria antigen vaccines, such as vaccination for pregnant women, and the resulting specific IgG antibodies which can protect the fetus through the placenta, can significantly reduce the early neonatal morbidity.
(B) the prognosis
Serious complications, a high fatality rate was reported as 29% ~ 52%.

(A) treatment
Chinese medicine therapy method should Spleen Qi, dehumidifying phlegm, promoting blood circulation meridians.
1. For those who sclerosis erythema ulceration, are available: Codonopsis pilosula 10g, Poria 10g, Atractylodes 10g, safflower 10g, stretch injury grass 10g, Millettia 15g, hematoxylin 6g, Prunella 15g, forsythia 10g, land bay Mother 10g, tangerine peel 6g, Achyranthes 6g; have lower extremity edema were added papaya Menispermaceae; afternoon low heat, hand, foot and heart were added heat of turtle shell, turtle shell, Digupi.
2. Sclerosis falling into non-ulcer, or consumers who can be Yang and pills, Sanjie pills, rhubarb zhe worm pills, eventually becoming localized healing may serve Ginseng Yang Rong Wan.
3. Topical treatment significantly by the early blush cream available hibiscus; want to break down those who can cramp powder ointment; has been broken by the formation of ulcers of toxic powder with the cream and purple gangrene sores topical cream together the various sub-humid, sore surface cleaning are available Gan cream in order to promote healing.
(B) the prognosis
After a slow, multi-occurred in spring and autumn, the more atrophic scar and after the remaining pigmentation.

Precautionary Principle: The main is to mobilize the masses to vigorously promote tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge, regular health checks, early diagnosis and early treatment, eliminate sources of infection, to prevent transmission. BCG vaccination carried out to enhance the body’s resistance.

(A) treatment
1. The limitations of topical treatment for the skin, skin damage and keratitis, and sinusitis are advised surgery, but complete, to avoid the re-implantation of bacteria. In addition, it can be applied to local heating therapy.
Black hair sarcoidosis commonly used method for the treatment of hair shaved their heads, or a daily cleaning hair, hand scrape nodules. Can shave the hair and then use some anti-fungal agents (eg, 0.05% mercuric chloride, 6% salicylic acid, 12% benzoic acid, 3% sulfur, or 2% formaldehyde solution), can be cured. Can also be used with ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, and two liquid washing of the disease.
Palm spots can often be effective topical treatment. Jia effect imidazole cream, coated with 2 ~ 3 times a day, calendar 2 weeks can be. Miconazole, clotrimazole cream right foot plantar lesions of peri effective treatment. Miconazole effective treatment of foot lesions. Horny solvent (such as 10% sulfur cream, 6% salicylic acid, 12% benzoic acid ointment or tincture) on the treatment of this disease often effective.
2. The system is suitable for the treatment of systemic damage, surgery can not be removed cases.Most of the antifungal agents are not sensitive to poor efficacy, need long-term, a large number of medication. External bottle mold caused by infection, flucytosine, fluconazole and amphotericin B effective. Hair-like Cladosporium infection is only sensitive to flucytosine, amphotericin B with combination. More recently, itraconazole and terbinafine are also used in the treatment of this disease, but still need to accumulate experience.
(B) the prognosis
Systemic dark Trichosporon mildew poor prognosis, often leading to death.