Treatment of disease Prevention » AIDS

AIDS damages the nervous system should be how is it treated?

kevin — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:38:14 +0000

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(A) treatment
1. Drug therapy has not yet found that can cure HIV infection in specific treatments. Aimed at HIV infection, replication, combined with T helper cells and cause their death in all aspects of the different mechanisms to carry out treatment and prevention. Major drug are:
(1) zidovudine (AZT) can reduce plasma HIV-1 of the p24 antigen, so that transient increases in CD4 cells, and prolong survival in patients with early applications can reduce the incidence of dementia. Applications indications are: HIV / AIDS patients with CD4 <500 × 109 / L, the dose is 300 ~ 600mg / d. The main adverse reactions of leukocytes and neutrophils were reduced, such as anemia and myositis.
(2), dideoxy Inosine (ddI) can reduce HIV-1 of the p24 antigen, increase CD4 cell counts, may be a lasting increase in white blood cells and neutrophils. Applications indications as follows: Alignment AZT (AZT) can not be tolerated or treated sicker persons, occurred more zidovudine-resistant (AZT) low dose of 250mg, 2 times / d. Adverse reactions were pancreatitis and peripheral neuritis, which is reversible after discontinuation.
(3) to didanosine (ddC) activity and zidovudine (AZT) and dual-deoxy-inosine (ddI) is similar but the effects are compared with zidovudine (AZT) is poor, use indications for alignment ari set (AZT) and ddI-resistant patients can be, and zidovudine (AZT) combined with a dose of 0.75mg, 2 ~ 3 times / d. Adverse events were peripheral neuritis, and dose-related, reversible after discontinuation. Of these drugs alone will easily lead to drug resistance, in combination can reduce the dosage, adverse reactions also reduced, and a synergistic antiviral effect. Now tend to zidovudine (AZT) plus dual-deoxy-inosine (ddI), or ddC treatment.
(4) zidovudine, this drug is a thymidine similar drugs, long-term low-dose treatment can reduce the complications of infection and the nervous system, increasing the number of CD4 T lymphocytes, reducing blood HIV-1 antigen增加.
HIV is a chronic infection process, the virus may appear more obvious variations, so prone to single-drug treatment of drug resistance and the need for large doses. In 1996 some foreign scholars have pointed out AIDS cocktail therapy, most of the treatment of AIDS drugs in combination can greatly enhance the effect.
2. Surgical treatment of brain surgery for AIDS is not the central nervous system damage is the main treatment. For the single non-extracranial metastasis of lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma and AIDS-related infections caused by pathogens granuloma or abscess feasible craniotomy surgery. Hydrocephalus caused by infections could also consider doing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Application of stereotactic biopsy for definite diagnosis has important significance.
3. Radiation therapy and AIDS-related intracranial tumors are quite sensitive to the radiation, so radiation therapy is an important and effective means.
(B) the prognosis
AIDS prognosis of central nervous system damage is not optimistic. Despite the adoption of comprehensive treatment, but a clear majority of AIDS patients after diagnosis the survival period of no more than 2 months. Central nervous system infection alone seems better, a small number of combined toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients can survive for 1 year.
AIDS in the central nervous system damage caused by poor prognosis, despite a variety of comprehensive treatment, a clear diagnosis, the majority of the survival period of not more than 2 months. Just slightly better central nervous system infection. PML can survive for 5 months or so, toxoplasmosis is expected to survive a year or so.

People with AIDS with acute appendicitis should be how is it treated?

kevin — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:41:49 +0000

(A) a clear diagnosis of acute appendicitis should be as soon as possible after the surgical removal of lesions, at the same time should be given to efficient broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy combined 5 ~ 7 days. Even so, after about 80% of patients have sustained fever for more than 1 week without other systemic sepsis performance. In the heating period, no elevated white blood cell count (an average of 3.5 × 109 / L), average length of stay 11 days. Surgery can be recovered to preoperative levels, while the causes of postoperative fever despite repeated medical examination, blood culture, X-ray examination, etc. are often the cause could not.Speculated that its mechanism may be low due to local inflammation lasts for a long time, so highly efficient broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has been used as a countermeasure. Because laparoscopy can be used to confirm the diagnosis, so some people advocate the use of laparoscopic appendectomy as a treatment for easy one step. (B) the prognosis is currently no description of relevant content.

AIDS

kevin — Sun, 10 Jan 2010 02:59:45 +0000

AIDS virus called HIV, is a body’s immune system to attack the virus. It is the body’s immune system, the most important target T4 lymphocytes as a large number of swallow, destruction T4 lymphocytes, thus undermining the person’s immune system and ultimately the collapse of the immune system, so that the human body due to the loss of resistance to various diseases and the incidence of and death. Scientists put the virus called “human immunodeficiency virus.” AIDS virus in the human body average incubation period of 12 years to 13 years. In developed into AIDS patients before the appearance of seemingly normal, they can not have any symptoms for many years to live and work.

AIDS should be treated?

kevin — Sun, 10 Jan 2010 02:58:40 +0000

As the current viral infection there was no magic treatment, so there is no effective treatment for AIDS means. In addition, HIV viral nucleic acid into host chromosomal DNA integration, the use of host cell replication, to create difficulties for drug treatment. The importance of early treatment of HIV infection. Immune function through the treatment can slow the decline. HIV infected persons suffering from tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, increased risk, the importance of early prevention.
1, support therapy, AIDS patients as much as possible to improve the sexual consumption.
Second, the immune modulator therapy:
(A) interleukin-2 (IL-2): to improve the body of the HIV-infected cells MHC restricted cytotoxicity, but also a non-MHC restricted natural killer cells (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) of the activity.
(B) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte – macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): increase in circulating neutrophils, enhance the body’s anti-infection ability.
(C) Ling bacilli elements: activating the pituitary – adrenal cortex system, adjust the body’s internal environment and function, enhance the body’s ability to adapt changes in the external environment to stimulate the body to produce humoral antibodies, so that the total number of white blood cells, the phagocytic function of enhanced activation body’s defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses.
(D) interferon (IFN): α-interferon (IFN-α), for some patients to be slightly increased CD4 + T cells, 40% Kaposis sarcoma patients have tumor subsided; ② β-interferon (IFN-β):Intravenous administration of IFN-α effect is similar, but subcutaneous injection, anti-Kaposis sarcoma, are less effective; ③ γ-interferon (IFN-γ) increased monocyte – macrophage activity, anti-toxoplasma infections and other conditions might have someeffect.
3, anti-viral agent:
(A) inhibit HIV with the host cell binding and penetration of drugs: soluble rsCD4 combination with HIV, accounting for CD4 binding site, so HIVgp120 can not CD4T lymphocytes CD4 binding and can not penetrate infected CD4T lymphocytes.
Dose: rsCD4 clinical trials 30mg / day, intramuscular or intravenous, 28 consecutive days.
(B) inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) of drugs: by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, blocking HIV replication. Better-drugs: AZT, double-deoxycytidine.